Grammar

14 lessons

1. 1 The plus-que-parfait (pluperfect) «I had eaten»: an action completed before another one in the past.
2. 2 The present conditional «I would like, I could, you should»: politeness, wishes, advice and hypotheses.
3. 3 Si clauses (conditional sentences) The three types: si + présent, si + imparfait, si + plus-que-parfait.
4. 4 The present subjunctive How to form it and the key triggers: il faut que, je veux que, bien que…
5. 5 Relative pronouns: dont, lequel, ce qui, ce que «whose», «of which», «about which», «which / what» and the no-stranded-prepositions rule.
6. 6 Double object pronouns: il me le donne The order when two pronouns meet before the verb.
7. 7 Reported speech and sequence of tenses How to report what someone said, and how the tenses shift.
8. 8 The passive voice être + past participle, par / de, and why French often prefers «on».
9. 9 The gérondif and the present participle en mangeant = while eating / by eating: the French «-ing» form.
10. 10 Past participle agreement with avoir Why you write «les lettres que j'ai écrites» and «je les ai vues».
11. 11 Linking words: cause, consequence, contrast, purpose parce que, car, donc, pourtant, bien que, pour que and more for richer sentences.
12. 12 Pronouns: celui-ci, le mien «this one, the one who…, Paul's» and «mine, yours, his».
13. 13 The future perfect (futur antérieur) «I will have finished», and «when I have finished» in French.
14. 14 Indefinites: tout, chaque, quelqu'un, quelque chose tout / toute / tous / toutes, chaque and chacun, quelques and plusieurs.