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C2

Stylistic uses of tenses

historic present, imparfait de rupture, historic future, conditionnel ludique.

At an advanced level, tenses don't just show when something happened; they also create style. These uses are very frequent in journalism, history writing and literature.

UseExampleEffect
Historic presentEn 1789, le peuple prend la Bastille.vividness, immediacy
Imparfait de ruptureDeux jours plus tard, il mourait.dramatic ending, «freeze-frame»
Historic futureNé en 1769, Napoléon deviendra empereur en 1804.looking forward from a point in the past
Polite imparfaitJe voulais vous demander un service.softens a request
«Nearly» imparfaitUn pas de plus, et il tombait.something that almost happened
Conditionnel ludiqueOn dirait que tu serais le roi.children's role-play: «Let's say you're the king»
Polite futureJe vous demanderai de patienter.polite instruction

Test yourself

  1. What does the imparfait express here: «Sans ton aide, je ratais mon examen.»
    Show answer
    something that nearly happened (= j'aurais raté)
  2. Rewrite with the historic present: En 1492, Colomb découvrit l'Amérique.
    Show answer
    En 1492, Colomb découvre l'Amérique.
  3. Make it more polite with the imparfait: Je veux vous parler.
    Show answer
    Je voulais vous parler.
  4. Translate: «Une heure après, le train déraillait.»
    Show answer
    An hour later, the train derailed. (imparfait de rupture)