Gramática española

14 lecciones

1. 1 Pronunciation and spelling How letters are read, ñ, j, ll, written accents and the upside-down ¿ ¡.
2. 2 Subject pronouns: yo, tú, él, ella… Usually left out, and there are four ways to say «you».
3. 3 Gender and articles: el, la, un, una Two genders, definite and indefinite articles, and the contractions al and del.
4. 4 Plural nouns -s after a vowel, -es after a consonant, and z → c.
5. 5 Adjectives: agreement and position Adjectives agree in gender and number and usually come after the noun.
6. 6 Ser and estar: two verbs for «to be» Ser for identity and characteristics, estar for location and temporary states.
7. 7 Hay and estar: «there is» or «is (located)» Hay to introduce something new, estar for something known and specific.
8. 8 Present tense of regular verbs (-ar, -er, -ir) The three verb groups and their present-tense endings.
9. 9 Irregular verbs in the present Stem changes (e→ie, o→ue, e→i), irregular «yo» forms, and the very irregular ir, tener, hacer.
10. 10 Gustar and similar verbs Me gusta / me gustan: the thing you like is the subject.
11. 11 Possessives and demonstratives: mi, tu, su / este, ese, aquel Possessives before the noun, and three distances for «this / that».
12. 12 Questions and negation Question words with accents, ¿…?, and the double negative no… nada.
13. 13 Numbers, dates and time Numbers, telling the time, days and months.
14. 14 Basic prepositions: a, en, de, con, por, para Direction with a, position with en, origin with de, and the «personal a».